TELAAH KRITIS FILSAFAT ILMU MANAJEMEN BARAT DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM: KAJIAN ATAS EPISTEMOLOGI, ONTOLOGI, DAN AKSIOLOGI

Abstract

Every theoretical structure in management science rests on certain philosophical assumptions that determine how academics and practitioners understand organizations, interpret knowledge, and define value. Ironically, the dominance of the positivist tradition — sustained for more than half a century — has concealed these assumptions behind claims of scientific objectivity that, as Ghoshal (2005) demonstrated, exert a destructive influence on the quality of managerial practice. Proceeding from this recognition, the present study conducts a systematic examination of ten articles published in Q1-ranked journals, focusing on three philosophical dimensions: ontology, epistemology, and axiology. By employing a systematic literature review (SLR) framework and deploying Islamic philosophy — particularly the concepts of tawhid, ilm, khalifah, and maqashid al-shariah — as a comparative analytical instrument, the study maps significant points of convergence between post-positivist movements in Western management theory and the epistemological principles of Islam. At the same time, it identifies fundamental paradigmatic tensions that cannot be dissolved through superficial eclecticism. Three principal findings emerge: (1) the claim of value-neutrality in management science constitutes a dangerous ideological construction; (2) the conception of human nature directly determines the architecture of management theory; and (3) Islamic civilization offers an original and substantive paradigmatic alternative — not merely a moral ornament appended to a positivist edifice. Consequently, an equal and genuine critical dialogue between these two intellectual traditions is necessary to produce a management science that is more honest, more inclusive, and more normatively robust.